Vaccinating Your Dog

Dogs are usually vaccinated annually against a range of potentially lethal diseases. At present there is some debate going on in the veterinary profession about whether animals are being vaccinated too frequently.

Vaccination has a very important role in veterinary medicine. It allows animals to be protected from a variety of potentially lethal diseases by stimulating their immune systems to recognize and attack the pathogens which cause the illnesses. However there has been recent concern about the frequency of vaccination in animals, with specific concerns regarding potential side-effects.

The diseases which dogs are usually vaccinated against annually are:

Canine Distemper virus
Canine Adenovirus-2
Canine Parvovirus
Parainfluenza virus
Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae
Leptospira canicola

Other vaccines sometimes given to dogs include:

Rabies vaccination - which is a requirement under the PETS travel scheme and for export of animals to other countries.

Kennel Cough vaccination - in the form of a nasal droplet called Intrac which is often given prior to kenneling dogs. If routine vaccination for this cause of kennel cough is required it must be given every 6 months.

Puppies are usually given their first vaccination at 8 or 9 weeks of age (it can be as early as 6 weeks) with a second vaccination at 10 or 12 weeks. The vaccines which allow the second injection to be given at 10 weeks are best because the puppy can get out and socialize earlier. Full protection is achieved 14 days following the second injection. Thereafter booster vaccination is usually given annually.

Older dogs may start their initial vaccinations at any time (unless they are sick when vaccination is not generally recommended). They will require a second vaccination to be given 2-4 weeks after the first. Like puppies the vaccine will induce immunity after about 2 weeks. Dogs are then usually given an annual booster.

I believe that any vaccination program should be tailored to suit the individual pet's needs and circumstances. Some animals may be at very high risk of contracting disease (e.g. those in rescue homes, or multi-pet environments). Other animals will have a much lower risk of disease and this should be taken into account when formulating a vaccination plan. Animals from a low risk environment may need regular vaccination to comply with regulations when they go into kennels or to travel abroad.

Owners should be informed that vaccination failure is rare but possible and that there are potential side-effects when vaccines are used (again these are relatively rare). One of the reasons that vets would like to continue to vaccinate every animal every year is that in this way the pet will get a general health check annually and health problems will be diagnosed and treated early.

Some vaccines do need to be given every year while others may give a longer lasting immunity, so a blanket annual vaccination policy is not always appropriate. In deciding what to do about your pet's vaccination you should speak to your veterinary surgeon. If you do decide against the annual vaccination it is still worth taking your pet along for an annual health check as any disorders may be detected early by your vet and treated before they become a major problem.